Which kind of access did you have?
If you managed the wallet keys yourself, you need the right backup and any extra recovery settings. A compatible wallet may use them to rebuild access. Without the keys and a usable backup, access can be permanently lost.
If a service held the keys, you depend on its account recovery process. A service login and a recovery phrase are different things. Establish which setup you had before following instructions.
Does a phone lock solve the problem?
Imagine you know the phone's screen-lock code but cannot get the phone back. That code does not rebuild the wallet on another device. A separate, usable wallet backup is what matters for a wallet you control.
If someone else can open the lost phone or obtain the spending keys, the funds may be at risk. Restoring a backup does not automatically stop someone who already has the same keys.
What should you be careful about?
Use the recovery instructions for your wallet type or service. Keep recovery information out of messages and unexpected forms. Be cautious of anyone claiming to recover access while asking for your secret words. No central Bitcoin help desk can reset a lost spending key.